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Hypospadias in Children: Expert Advice from Dr. Saurabh Garge!

Imagine discovering that your newborn son has a condition that affects the way he urinates. For many parents, learning about this condition in children can be surprising and even concerning. However, the good news is that this is a common and treatable condition. Dr. Saurabh Garge, a leading Pediatric Gastroenterologist Surgeon in Indore will help you discover common causes, symptoms, types, signs, diagnosis and treatment options for Hypospadias in children.

What is Hypospadias?

It is a congenital condition in which the opening of the Urethra (the tube through which urine exits the body) is not located at the tip of the penis. Instead of that it can be found anywhere along the underside of the penis, from just below the tip to as far as the scrotum.This condition affects approximately 1 in every 200 to 300 newborn males, making it one of the most common congenital anomalies of the male reproductive system. The severity of hypospadias can vary depending on where the urethral opening is located. .

Types of Hypospadias

It is classified based on the location of the displaced Urethral opening. The severity of the condition increases as the opening moves further down the shaft of the penis. Common Types of Hypospadias are-

  • Distal Hypospadias (Mild)-
  • The urethral opening is positioned close to the tip of the penis.
  • This is the most frequently occurring type of hypospadias.
  • Usually requires minor surgical correction.
  • Midshaft Hypospadias (Moderate)-
  • The urethral opening is positioned along the middle of the penile shaft.
  • May lead to difficulties in urination and, later in life, sexual function.
  • Surgical correction is recommended for both functional and cosmetic reasons.
  • Proximal Hypospadias (Severe)-
  • The urethral opening is located near the scrotum or even perineum (area between scrotum and anus).
  • This form often comes with chordee (a downward curve of the penis), which may require more complex surgery.
  • It can affect both urination and future reproductive health if left untreated.

The classification of it helps doctors determine the best treatment plan for each child. The earlier the diagnosis, the better the chances of a successful correction through surgery.

What Causes Hypospadias?

The exact cause in infants is not always clear, but researchers believe it results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors that affect male fetal development during pregnancy. The following factors may contribute to the conditions but it is important to know that this condition is not caused by anything a mother did or did not do during pregnancy. Some possible causes are-

  • Hormonal Imbalances During Pregnancy-
  • The formation of the male genitalia depends on the proper balance of testosterone and other hormones.
  • If there is an imbalance, the development of the urethra can be incomplete, leading to hypospadias.
  • Genetic Factors-
  • A family history of hypospadias increases the likelihood of a child being born with the condition.
  • Specific gene mutations linked to urethral development have been identified in some cases.
  • Environmental Factors-
  • Exposure to certain chemicals, such as endocrine-disrupting substances (found in pesticides, plastics and some medications), may increase the risk of hypospadias in children.
  • Maternal exposure to fertility treatments or certain hormonal drugs during pregnancy has also been associated with a higher risk.
  • Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART)-
  • Studies suggest that babies conceived through InVitro Fertilisation(IVF) or other fertility treatments may have a slightly higher chance of being born with hypospadias.

Common Symptoms of Hypospadias in Children

It is usually identified at birth, as it affects the structure and function of the penis. The symptoms  can vary based on how severe the condition is. Here are the most common signs parents should look out for-

  • Abnormal Placement of the Urethral Opening- Instead of being at the tip of the penis, the urethral opening is located on the underside anywhere from just below the tip to the scrotum.
  • Downward Curvature of the Penis (Chordee)- Some children with hypospadias experience penile curvature, which can become more noticeable during erections later in life.
  • Deflected Urine Stream- Due to the urethral opening being mispositioned, the urine may spray in multiple directions or flow abnormally, making it difficult for a child to aim properly while urinating.
  • Incomplete Foreskin- The foreskin may not fully develop around the tip of the penis, often giving it a hooded appearance. This is a key visual sign of hypospadias in newborns.
  • Difficulty Urinating While Standing- As the child grows he may struggle to urinate while standing, especially if the urethral opening is further down the shaft.
  • Hidden or Small-Appearing Penis- In severe cases, the penis may appear small or partially hidden due to associated structural differences.
  • Potential Fertility Issues in Severe Cases- If left untreated then severe hypospadias can cause problems with sperm delivery during adulthood, affecting fertility.

If you can see visible or any of these following symptoms around your baby boy’s penis then do not ignore these signs and book your appointment with a Pediatric Surgeon near you.

A comprehensive Guide to Hypospadias Surgery-

Is Surgery Necessary for Hypospadias?

Yes, hypospadias surgery is the most effective way to correct the condition and restore normal urinary and reproductive function. The surgery is usually recommended for cases where-

  • The urethral opening is significantly misplaced.
  • The penis has chordee (curvature).
  • The child has difficulty urinating normally.
  • The abnormality could impact future sexual function.

When Should Hypospadias Surgery Be Done?

The ideal age for this surgery is between 6 to 18 months. At this age-

  • The baby is old enough to handle anesthesia safely.
  • Tissue healing is faster, leading to better cosmetic and functional results.
  • The child is unlikely to remember the surgery.

What Happens During Hypospadias Surgery?

The goal of this surgery is to-

  • Correct the position of the urethral opening, moving it to the tip of the penis.
  • Straighten the penis if chordee is present.
  • Reconstruct the foreskin or remove it completely, depending on parental preference.

The procedure is usually performed as a daycare surgery, meaning that the child can go home the same day. In some cases, more than one surgery may be required if the hypospadias is severe.

Post-Surgery Recovery-

  • A small urinary catheter is left in place for a few days to allow healing.
  • Parents should follow the doctor’s instructions on hygiene and medication to prevent infections.
  • Full recovery takes about 4 to 6 weeks, with regular follow-ups to ensure proper healing.

Why Choose Dr. Saurabh Garge for Hypospadias Surgery?

If you’re looking for an experienced Pediatric Hypospadias Surgeon, Dr. Saurabh Garge is among the best specialists in Indore and Dewas. He is known for his-

  • Expertise in Pediatric Urology and congenital birth defects.
  • A patient-friendly approach, making parents feel confident about the treatment.
  • High success rates in hypospadias surgeries.
  • A dedicated facility at Sukriti Clinic in Indore, equipped with advanced surgical technology.

With the right diagnosis and early intervention most children with hypospadias can lead normal, healthy lives without any long-term complications.

Conclusion-

It is a common condition which may seem concerning at first but it is a treatable Pediatric condition. Timely diagnosis and expert surgical intervention can ensure a successful outcome. If your child has been diagnosed with Hypospadias then do not ignore it and provide him with the best treatment options you can, as his future sexual health is based upon the treatment you provide him now. With the right approach your child can grow up without any cosmetic concerns.