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Pressure sores, also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores, are a common yet serious condition affecting individuals with limited mobility due to paralysis. These ulcers develop when constant pressure on the skin restricts blood flow to certain areas of the body, leading to tissue damage and eventual ulceration. While pressure sores can occur anywhere on the body, they often develop over bony prominences such as the heels, hips, tailbone, and elbows.
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Several factors contribute to the development of pressure sores, including:
Continuous pressure on specific areas of the body, particularly in individuals who are immobile or bedridden, can lead to tissue damage.
Rubbing or friction against the skin’s surface, especially when combined with moisture, can increase the risk of pressure sore formation.
Shear occurs when layers of skin move in opposite directions. This action can damage blood vessels and exacerbate the development of pressure sores.
It is the most superficial type of ulcer. The affected area of skin appears discoloured and is red in colour. The skin remains intact.
In this outer surface of the skin (the epidermis) or the deeper layer of skin (the dermis) is damaged, leading to skin loss . The ulcer looks like an open wound or a blister.
In this skin loss occurs throughout the entire thickness of the skin. The underlying tissue is also damaged sparing muscle and bone. The ulcer appears as a deep cavity like wound .
It is the most severe type characterized by full thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures.
Frequent change of patient position is done every 2 hourly. Air mattress should be used.
Patient nutrition should be improved by supplementing protein, vitamins, iron and minerals.
Wound should be cleaned with normal saline solution. For Grade I, protective dressings should be used and area should be kept dry. For other Grade wounds, various dressings are available like Silver, Alginate, Hydrocolloid, NPWT etc.
Necrotic tissue should be debrided to accelerate healing.
Various surgical options are available for wound coverage
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