Congenital Deformities
Ear Deformity
Most birth defects are caused by genetic or environmental factors or combination of two. In most cases , however,the cause is unknown.
It involves a variety of deformities like
- Prominent ears – Also known as lop ear or cup ears, are a deformity where the ears project more than the normal distance from the skull. Measured from the mid-portion of the ear back to the skull behind the ear, projection should be between 15 to 18 millimetres in a 5-year-old or adult individual. Over projection of the ear may be secondary to an increase in the angle the ear cartilage takes from its junction with the ear canal and skull, an excess of conchal cartilage, or an absence of the antihelical fold. Combinations of these causes frequently occur.
- Constricted ear - The constricted ear deformity is characterised by partial absence of skin and cartilage which involves the helical rim, scapha, and/or concha. In its simplest form, a lidding of the superior helical rim is present. The tilting-over of the helical rim is secondary to a tightening and deficiency in the anterior skin between the scapha and rim.
- Microbial - Microtia is characterised as the absence of the majority of the pinna. A vestige of the pinna or auricle remains as a vertically-oriented attachment, and the earlobe persists as the only identifiable structure. The external auditory canal and tragus is generally absent. Associated with the absence of the external canal are deformities within the middle ear and absence of the tympanic membrane. For these reasons, children with microtia have varying degrees of hearing loss. Typically, the hearing loss is conductive in nature as opposed to neurogenic.
- Anotia - Anotia is a very rare deformity characterised by total absence of the pinna. There is no lobule, microtic vestige, or canal. The hairline typically drops across the zone where the ear would normally appear.
Syndactyly Of Fingers
In simple syndactyly, adjacent fingers or toes are joined by soft tissue. In complex syndactyly, the bones of adjacent digits are fused. The kangaroo exhibits complex syndactyly.
Classification
The hand of a man with Greig cephalopolysyndactyly with syndactyly of a few digits, Syndactyly can be straightforward or complex.
• In basic syndactyly, adjoining fingers or toes are joined by delicate tissue.
• In complex syndactyly, the bones of adjoining digits are melded. The kangaroo shows complex syndactyly.
Halfway basic syndactyly of the second and third toes, Syndactyly can be finished or fragmented.
• In finish syndactyly, the skin is joined the distance to the tip of the included digits.
• In deficient syndactyly, the skin is just joined piece of the separation to the tip of the included digits.
Complex syndactyly happens as a component of a disorder, (for example, Apert disorder) and normally includes a larger number of digits than straightforward syndactyly.
Fenestrated syndactyly implies the skin is joined for the vast majority of the digit however in a proximal region there is hole in the syndactyly with ordinary skin. This sort of syndactyly is found in amniotic band disorder.
Straightforward syndactyly can be full or incomplete, and is available during childbirth (intrinsic). In early human fetal advancement, webbing (syndactyly) of the toes and fingers is typical. At around a month and a half of development, apoptosis happens because of a protein named sonic hedgehog, otherwise called SHH, which breaks down the tissue between the fingers and toes, and the webbing vanishes. In some hatchlings, this procedure does not happen totally between all fingers or toes and some leftover webbing remains.
Cleft Lip and Palate
A cleft lip is a birth defect causing facial deformity. The "cleft" is a gap ,a failure of the right and left sides of the lip to fuse together. A cleft lip can present in three main ways:
1) A unilateral incomplete cleft lip (usually appearing as a small gap or indentation on one side of the lip.
2) An unilateral complete cleft lip (a cleft that continues all the way up to the nose, although still localized on one size of the lip)
3) A bilateral complete cleft lip (a cleft that extends to both sides of the lip and continues all the way from the lip to the nose)
A cleft lip is often accompanied by cleft palate.A cleft palate occurs when the two sides of the roof of the mouth do not fuse together. Whether the cleft lip is unilateral, bilateral, complete, or incomplete and whether or not the patient also has a cleft palate will impact the course of treatment.
Cleft lip is surgically corrected between age of 3-6 months and cleft palate at age of 9-12 months. Timely closure of cleft palate helps in achieving normal speech.
Facial Deformities
Indeed, even minor facial deformities impose a weight on the identity: the face is essential for its recognizable proof of the person. Deformities in facial frame can't be disguised. The causes of most deformities lie in the hard skeleton.
Impediment is constantly influenced in deformities of the focal and lower thirds of the face. Then again, monstrous unsettling influences of impediment have repercussions on facial frame. Inborn deformities ought to be amended early if work is likewise aggravated, yet extra revision is frequently important after development is finished. In the event that exclusive the extents of the hard skeleton of the face are influenced, the disfigurement is amended after the end of development. Reproduction of ordinary impediment is basic in the remedy of facial deformities. Tissue absent because of surgery or injury is supplanted by joins. Unsettling influences of advancement caused by neighborhood malady (neoplasia or osteomyelitis) influencing the face constitute a middle of the road type of deformation. These deformities ought to get just useful revision amid development, last reproduction not being attempted until the point when it is finished.
Other Treatments
Hand Surgeries
Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when pressure is put on the median nerve as it passes through your wrist under the carpal tunnel ligament. This results in pins and needles and numbness in your fingers.
Scar Revision
Scars are ranges of stringy tissue (fibrosis) that supplant typical skin after damage. scar comes about because of the organic procedure of twisted repair.
Post Burn Contracture
Burn scar contractures don't leave without anyone else, in spite of the fact that may enhance with the progression of time, with physiotherapy, and with bracing. On the off chance that steady the individual may require the contracture to be surgically discharged.